{"id":6506,"date":"2018-10-29T07:22:08","date_gmt":"2018-10-29T07:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jquery-az.com\/?p=6506"},"modified":"2018-10-29T07:22:08","modified_gmt":"2018-10-29T07:22:08","slug":"python-random","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jquery-az.com\/python-random\/","title":{"rendered":"The Random Module in Python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Generating random numbers is required for different reasons. For example, creating a random number as a user\u2019s password or pin code etc.<\/p>\n<p>Python makes it quite easy creating the random numbers whether it is the matter of creating a random number within a range, integer numbers as well as generating floating random numbers.<\/p>\n<p>The built-in module random has a number of functions to fulfill that purpose. A few of these functions include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Randrange<\/li>\n<li>Randint<\/li>\n<li>Random<\/li>\n<li>Shuffle<\/li>\n<li>Choice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Few of these functions are for generating the integer random number while other generate float numbers. The next section shows you examples of these functions.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Generating a random integer number by Randrange<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The randrange function returns a random number for the given range. This function can be used in two ways. The syntax of first way is:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>random.randrange(stop)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In that case, the maximum number is provided and a random number is generated between 0 to that number (inclusive).<\/p>\n<p>The example below generates a random number between 0 and 500 by using randrange function:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\"># Generate Random Numbers - RandRange demo\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nrand_num = random.randrange(500)\r\n\r\nprint (rand_num)<\/pre>\n<p>The other way of using this function is providing the <strong>start, stop and step<\/strong> arguments as follows:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>random.randrange(start, stop[, step])<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The start and stop numbers are inclusive.<\/p>\n<p>The following example shows generating a random number between 10 to 1000 that must be even.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The code:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\"># Generate Even Random Numbers in range\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nrand_even = random.randrange(10, 1000, 2)\r\n\r\nprint (rand_even)<\/pre>\n<p>Similarly, a random odd number between 1 to 500 can be created as follows:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\"># Generate Odd Random Numbers in range\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\nrand_odd = random.randrange(1, 500, 2)\r\n\r\nprint (rand_odd)<\/pre>\n<h3><strong>The example of using randint number<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>As the name shows, this random module\u2019s function is used to generate an int pseudo-random number. The syntax for using the randint function is:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>random.randint(a, b)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The arguments <strong>a and b<\/strong> must be integer values. It returns ValueError if floating point numbers are given as argument.<\/p>\n<p>The examples below show generating positive, negative and a random int number either positive or negative between two values.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Generating positive int random number<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The example below generates an int number between 5 and 50:<\/p>\n<p><strong>The code:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\"># Generate int random number: randint\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\nprint(\"The Int Random Number: % s\" % (random.randint(5, 50)))<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Example of a negative random number:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this example, a negative number is generated:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\"># Generate negative int random number demo\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nprint(\"The negative integer number: % s\" % (random.randint(-55, -5)))<\/pre>\n<p>Note that the first number must be smaller than the second; otherwise, a ValueError is generated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Generating either negative or positive number example<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\">#Negative or positive random number\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nprint(\"The Random Numer (+ve or -ve): % s\" % (random.randint(-15, 15)))<\/pre>\n<h3><strong>Generating pseudo-random floating point number<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In this section, we will have a look at the functions for generating the floating numbers. The first function is random that returns the next random floating point number.<\/p>\n<p>This random function does not take any argument and used as follows:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>random.random()<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>If used that way, it returns a random floating number in the range of 0.0 and 1.0.<\/p>\n<p>The example below shows displaying a number:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\">#Floating number demo\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nflt_ran = random.random()\r\n\r\nprint(\"Floating Point Random Number [0.0 , 1.0]: \", flt_ran )<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Generating random floating point number between 0.0 and 5.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\">import random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nflt_ran_five = random.random()*5\r\n\r\nprint(\"Floating Point Random Number [0.0 , 5.0]: \", flt_ran_five )<\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6507\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jquery-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/64.1-Python-random.png\" alt=\"Python random\" width=\"567\" height=\"45\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jquery-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/64.1-Python-random.png 567w, https:\/\/www.jquery-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/64.1-Python-random-300x24.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>An example of using uniform function<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The uniform function of the random module also returns the floating point random number. The difference is, you may specify a range, unlike the random function that returns a random number between (0.0 \u2013 1.0).<\/p>\n<p>Also, the value <em>b<\/em> may be included in the range depending on the floating-point rounding in the equation. In the case of the random function, the 1.0 is not included.<\/p>\n<p>The example below shows generating the random floating point number between (10.5, 20.5):<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\">#Floating number demo by uniform function\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nflt_rand_uni = random.uniform(10.5, 20.5)\r\n\r\nprint(\"Floating Point Random Number in Range (10.5, 20.5): \", flt_rand_uni )<\/pre>\n<h3><strong>The choice function <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The choice function returns a random element from a sequence like a list, tuple etc. The usage can be, for example, a lucky draw. There, you have a list of given numbers or codes that are part of the draw. The <strong>choice<\/strong> function can be used to pick a number randomly.<\/p>\n<p>The syntax for using the choice function is:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>random.choice(seq)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In the example below, we have a list of ten numbers. The choice method is used to return the random element and displayed on the screen.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\">#Choice function demo\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ndraw_lst = [45747, 45624, 45745, 748458, 254231, 4145474, 1458745, 584757, 589654, 968457]\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nprint(\"The Winning Number is: \", random.choice(draw_lst))<\/pre>\n<p><strong>The result as I executed this code:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The Winning Number is:\u00a0 45745<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>How to use Shuffle function<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The shuffle method randomizes the elements of the sequence in place. For example, if we have a list:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>[1,2,3,4,5]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The shuffle function of the random module can randomize the order of elements. An example below shows a list and its output before and after using the shuffle function:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\">#Shuffle function demo\r\n\r\nimport random\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nshuff_lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n#List Before\r\n\r\nprint(\"List Before\", shuff_lst)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n#List after shuffling\r\n\r\nrandom.shuffle(shuff_lst)\r\n\r\nprint(\"List After Shuffling\", shuff_lst)<\/pre>\n<p><strong>The output as I executed this code:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>List Before [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]<\/p>\n<p>List After Shuffling [7, 4, 9, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 8, 10]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Every time you run this code, it should produce a different result after using the shuffle function.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python makes it quite easy creating the random numbers whether it is the matter of creating random number within a range, integer numbers as well as generating floating random 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